Timeline of Peruvian History
1438 - Sacsayhuamán & Machu Picchu are built during the reign of the Inca Pachacútec.
1450 - Punchao, a great golden disc, is made a symbol of the sun
1453 - The town of Ollantaytambo was build as a royal estate of Emperor.
1460 - Machu Pitcchu served as a religious retreat for the royal family.
1463 - The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa
1471 - Topa succeeds his father, Pachacuti, as emperor of the Incas
1480 - Mummy Juanita was buried on Mount Ampato in southern Peru
1487 - The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito
1493 - On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor
1500 - The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas
1505 - The Incas defeat the Cayambis soldiers, and spilled their corpses into the Lake of Yaguarcocha
1516 - Manco Inca Yupanqui was born
1522 - Spanish explorer Pascual de Andagoya became the first European to set foot in Peru
1525 - The Inca emperor Huayna Capac dies in an epidemic of smallpox
1527 - Huayna Capac was succeeded by his heir Ninan Cuyochi
1530 - Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru
1531 - Francisco Pizarro enters the territory of the Inca Empire with 168 men and 30 horses
1533 - Pizarro executes Atahuallpa and installs Manco as a puppet ruler of the Incas
1535 - Pizarro moves the Inca capital from Cuzco to Lima
1536 - Spanish soldiers stopped an Indian revolt and the Incans fled to Peru’s Vilcabamba region
1540 - The native population of Ollantaytambo was assigned in to Hernando Pizarro
1542 - The Viceroyalty of Peru, a Spanish colonial administrative district, was created
1553 - Pedro Cieza de Leon wrote the first European description of the potato in his “Chronicles of Peru.”
1560 - Peruvian conquistador Sebastian Garcilaso sailed to Spain to be educated
1569 - Saint Martinus de Porres, was born in Peru
1573- An extensive forced mining labor system is established in Peru and Bolivia
1578- Sir Francis Drake sailed into the port of Valparaiso ravaging the coasts of Chile and Peru
1580- Tupac Amuru held out against the Spanish conquest after most of the empire had been subdued
1590- Sebastian Garcilaso published Los dialogos de mor in Madrid
1600- Arequipa, Peru was destroyed by an earthquake
1600- The eruption of Huaynaputina, a volcano in southern Peru, impacted the entire world.
1605- Peruvian conquistador, Sebastian Garcilaso, published La Florida del Inca
1616- Sebastian Garcilaso died.
1617- Rosa de Lima of Peru became the first American saint to be canonized
1623- Dutch ships departed for the conquest of Peru
1630- Earthquake hits Lima
1640- The Treaty of Tordesillas was rendered meaningless
1656- Pedro Bohorquez declared to the Calchaqui Indians that he was the last living descendant of the Inca emperors
1659- Bohorquez led the Calchaqui in an uprising against the Spanish
1667- Bohorquez was executed and displayed in Lima
1668- Arequipa was hit by another earthquake
1675- Ceremonial Pouring Vessel were being used in Peru
1686- City walls were constructed in Lima
1700- Lima lost its reputation as an economic center of Peru because its silver export fell to under 2 million pesos
1710- A book by Jean Descola was written about the daily life in colonial Peru during 1710
1717- The New Kingdom of Granada became an independent viceroyalty under the Spanish crown
1730- A new silver coin was made
1742- Juan Santos Atahualpa, a leader of a rebellion group from Peru, led a failed uprising against the Spanish colonial government
1746- An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao. 18,000 people died
1750- The Treaty of Tordesillas was superseded by the Treaty of Madrid which allowing the Spanish in control of Peru
1759- Spain tried to increase revenue flow in Spanish American countries including Peru
1765- New Peruvian coins designs were made on the currency
1776-Spanish America is now administered as four viceroyalties - New Spain, New Granada, New Peru and La Plata
1780- An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by Tupac Amaru
1790- Jew hunting in Peru subsided
1800- The population of Peru was about 1.2 million
1812- The great fire of Guayaquil destroyed half the city
1821- San Martín declared the independence of Peru
1824- Battle of Ayacucho: The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America
1837- The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established
1839- The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially disbanded
1849- About 100,000 Chinese arrived as laborers in Peru
1855- A 7.2 earthquake hit Peru
1862- Peruvian slavers arrived on Easter Island. Slaves that eventually returned brought smallpox
1866- A Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Mendez Nunez surrounded the port city of Callao
1867- German businessman, Augusto R. Berns, purchased land across Machu Picchu. He planned to plunder the site
1868 - A magnitude 9.0 quake in Arica, Peru (later Chile), generated catastrophic tsunamis; more than 25,000 people were killed in South America
1875- A new Peruvian silver coin design was made
1879- Chile declared war on Peru and Bolivia
1883- Under the Treaty of Ancon, the war ended with Peru losing southern territory to Chile
1890- Cotton farming grew in popularity
1890-1894- Remigio Morales Bermudez was president of Peru
1902- US-owned Cerro de Pasco Corp. started to buy up mines in Peru and brought industrial mining
1911- Hiram Bingham, American explorer, was led by local guides to a Lost City of the Incas; he also explored Manchu Pitcchu
1920- Darkest Peru, an action and horror novel was written by Chad Arthur Evans
Late 1920’s- Foreign firms accounted for over 60 percent of Peru's exports
1932-Chile and Peru signed the Treaty of Extradition
1936- Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist was born
1941- Peru goes to war with Ecuador over the northern Amazon
1945- Peru, Paraguay, Chile and Ecuador joined the United Nations
1945- Peru declared war on Germany
1948- A military coup installed General Manuel A. Odria as President of Peru
1952- The U.S. signed a military aid pact with Peru
1956- Odria allowed free elections
1958 - Vice President Nixon was stoned in Lima, Peru
1958- The city of Arequipa was hit by an earthquake
1960- Arequipa, Peru, was hit by another earthquake
1962- Eruptions on Mount Huascaran in Peru destroyed 7 villages and killed 3,500
1963- Fernando Belaunde was elected president
1965- Peru cut a trail through the jungle into Brazil
1966 - Peru and Argentina soccer fans fought in Lima and 248 died
1967- Peru and 3 other countries in South America banned trade of vicuna, a relative of the llama
1968- A new military government of Peru seized the country's oil fields
1969- Russia and Peru signed their first trade accord
1970 - A 7.7 earthquake in Peru killed 67,000, injured 50,000 and destroyed 186,000 buildings
1973- Peru outlawed the export of rain forest birds
1975- Peru’s sugar output peaked at 1 million tons
1978- The Amazon Pact was established between Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
1980- Fernando Belaunde Terry was elected president of Peru; a democracy was restored
1981- The UN Security Council chose Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru to be the fifth secretary-general of the world body
1982- Debt crisis and deaths escalate following a military crackdown on guerrillas and drug traffickers
1985- APRA candidate, Alan Garcia Perez wins the presidency
1987- A movement led by Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru's best-known novelist, blocks plans to nationalize banks
1988- Hyperinflation and bankruptcy rock Peru; the country seeks assistance from the International Monetary Fund
1988- In northern Peru, a tomb was looted and its contents put on the black market
1990- Human rights groups estimate as many as 10,000 political murders in Peru
1990- Peru’s inflation rate hit 7,500%
1990- Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru.
1990- The killing and selling of dolphins became illegal in Peru
1992- Peruvian constitution suspended from terrorism, drugs, and corruption in Peru
1994- Six thousand guerrillas surrender to authorities
1995- Fighting erupts again along the border with Ecuador
1997- El Niño causes severe drought in Peru
1999- Ecuador and Peru sign a treaty ending 6 decades of dispute over a section of the Amazon
2000- A 5,000 barrel oil spill by an Argentine company threatened the water resources of some 10,000 inhabitants in the northern jungle
2002- An Incan cemetery in Lima was found and it was reported to have over 2,000 mummies
2004- Peru inaugurated the construction of a $7 million bridge between many South American countries. The bridge would be about 2,500 miles long
2005- The presidents of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru inaugurated a $810 million highway project to connect Brazil's Atlantic coast to Peru's Pacific ports before the end of the decade
2007- A meteorite crashed in southern Peru and villagers were soon struck by a mysterious illness
2007- A 7.9 earthquake hits the Pisco Province
2008- China and Peru signed a free trade agreement
2008- Drug agents in Peru seized 3 tons of cocaine mixed into a shipment of guano bound for Spain
2009- The Peru – United States Trade Promotion Agreement was implemented
2009- Bolivia demanded that Peru hand over three former government ministers charged with genocide in 2003 for killing dozens of protesters
2010- The 2010 Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa
2011- Peruvian President, Ollanta Humala, replaced more than half his Cabinet
2011 - Peru was said to have one of the world's fastest-growing economies
2012- A magnitude-6.3 earthquake struck the country's central coast
2012- Peruvian President, Ollanta Humala, visits Japan and secures $250 million worth of loans for infrastructure projects
2013- A 4.3 magnitude earthquake hits Northern Peru
1450 - Punchao, a great golden disc, is made a symbol of the sun
1453 - The town of Ollantaytambo was build as a royal estate of Emperor.
1460 - Machu Pitcchu served as a religious retreat for the royal family.
1463 - The Chimu empire in Peru is conquered by the Incas under the leadership of Pachacuti's son Topa
1471 - Topa succeeds his father, Pachacuti, as emperor of the Incas
1480 - Mummy Juanita was buried on Mount Ampato in southern Peru
1487 - The Inca empire is extended to the north and a second capital is established at Quito
1493 - On Topa's death his son Huayna Capac succeeds to the throne as Inca emperor
1500 - The Inca empire has about 25,000 miles of well-serviced roads, designed for caravans of llamas
1505 - The Incas defeat the Cayambis soldiers, and spilled their corpses into the Lake of Yaguarcocha
1516 - Manco Inca Yupanqui was born
1522 - Spanish explorer Pascual de Andagoya became the first European to set foot in Peru
1525 - The Inca emperor Huayna Capac dies in an epidemic of smallpox
1527 - Huayna Capac was succeeded by his heir Ninan Cuyochi
1530 - Francisco Pizarro sails from Panama to attempt the conquest of Peru
1531 - Francisco Pizarro enters the territory of the Inca Empire with 168 men and 30 horses
1533 - Pizarro executes Atahuallpa and installs Manco as a puppet ruler of the Incas
1535 - Pizarro moves the Inca capital from Cuzco to Lima
1536 - Spanish soldiers stopped an Indian revolt and the Incans fled to Peru’s Vilcabamba region
1540 - The native population of Ollantaytambo was assigned in to Hernando Pizarro
1542 - The Viceroyalty of Peru, a Spanish colonial administrative district, was created
1553 - Pedro Cieza de Leon wrote the first European description of the potato in his “Chronicles of Peru.”
1560 - Peruvian conquistador Sebastian Garcilaso sailed to Spain to be educated
1569 - Saint Martinus de Porres, was born in Peru
1573- An extensive forced mining labor system is established in Peru and Bolivia
1578- Sir Francis Drake sailed into the port of Valparaiso ravaging the coasts of Chile and Peru
1580- Tupac Amuru held out against the Spanish conquest after most of the empire had been subdued
1590- Sebastian Garcilaso published Los dialogos de mor in Madrid
1600- Arequipa, Peru was destroyed by an earthquake
1600- The eruption of Huaynaputina, a volcano in southern Peru, impacted the entire world.
1605- Peruvian conquistador, Sebastian Garcilaso, published La Florida del Inca
1616- Sebastian Garcilaso died.
1617- Rosa de Lima of Peru became the first American saint to be canonized
1623- Dutch ships departed for the conquest of Peru
1630- Earthquake hits Lima
1640- The Treaty of Tordesillas was rendered meaningless
1656- Pedro Bohorquez declared to the Calchaqui Indians that he was the last living descendant of the Inca emperors
1659- Bohorquez led the Calchaqui in an uprising against the Spanish
1667- Bohorquez was executed and displayed in Lima
1668- Arequipa was hit by another earthquake
1675- Ceremonial Pouring Vessel were being used in Peru
1686- City walls were constructed in Lima
1700- Lima lost its reputation as an economic center of Peru because its silver export fell to under 2 million pesos
1710- A book by Jean Descola was written about the daily life in colonial Peru during 1710
1717- The New Kingdom of Granada became an independent viceroyalty under the Spanish crown
1730- A new silver coin was made
1742- Juan Santos Atahualpa, a leader of a rebellion group from Peru, led a failed uprising against the Spanish colonial government
1746- An earthquake destroys much of Lima, and an ensuing tidal wave engulfs its port at Callao. 18,000 people died
1750- The Treaty of Tordesillas was superseded by the Treaty of Madrid which allowing the Spanish in control of Peru
1759- Spain tried to increase revenue flow in Spanish American countries including Peru
1765- New Peruvian coins designs were made on the currency
1776-Spanish America is now administered as four viceroyalties - New Spain, New Granada, New Peru and La Plata
1780- An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by Tupac Amaru
1790- Jew hunting in Peru subsided
1800- The population of Peru was about 1.2 million
1812- The great fire of Guayaquil destroyed half the city
1821- San Martín declared the independence of Peru
1824- Battle of Ayacucho: The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America
1837- The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established
1839- The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially disbanded
1849- About 100,000 Chinese arrived as laborers in Peru
1855- A 7.2 earthquake hit Peru
1862- Peruvian slavers arrived on Easter Island. Slaves that eventually returned brought smallpox
1866- A Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Mendez Nunez surrounded the port city of Callao
1867- German businessman, Augusto R. Berns, purchased land across Machu Picchu. He planned to plunder the site
1868 - A magnitude 9.0 quake in Arica, Peru (later Chile), generated catastrophic tsunamis; more than 25,000 people were killed in South America
1875- A new Peruvian silver coin design was made
1879- Chile declared war on Peru and Bolivia
1883- Under the Treaty of Ancon, the war ended with Peru losing southern territory to Chile
1890- Cotton farming grew in popularity
1890-1894- Remigio Morales Bermudez was president of Peru
1902- US-owned Cerro de Pasco Corp. started to buy up mines in Peru and brought industrial mining
1911- Hiram Bingham, American explorer, was led by local guides to a Lost City of the Incas; he also explored Manchu Pitcchu
1920- Darkest Peru, an action and horror novel was written by Chad Arthur Evans
Late 1920’s- Foreign firms accounted for over 60 percent of Peru's exports
1932-Chile and Peru signed the Treaty of Extradition
1936- Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian novelist was born
1941- Peru goes to war with Ecuador over the northern Amazon
1945- Peru, Paraguay, Chile and Ecuador joined the United Nations
1945- Peru declared war on Germany
1948- A military coup installed General Manuel A. Odria as President of Peru
1952- The U.S. signed a military aid pact with Peru
1956- Odria allowed free elections
1958 - Vice President Nixon was stoned in Lima, Peru
1958- The city of Arequipa was hit by an earthquake
1960- Arequipa, Peru, was hit by another earthquake
1962- Eruptions on Mount Huascaran in Peru destroyed 7 villages and killed 3,500
1963- Fernando Belaunde was elected president
1965- Peru cut a trail through the jungle into Brazil
1966 - Peru and Argentina soccer fans fought in Lima and 248 died
1967- Peru and 3 other countries in South America banned trade of vicuna, a relative of the llama
1968- A new military government of Peru seized the country's oil fields
1969- Russia and Peru signed their first trade accord
1970 - A 7.7 earthquake in Peru killed 67,000, injured 50,000 and destroyed 186,000 buildings
1973- Peru outlawed the export of rain forest birds
1975- Peru’s sugar output peaked at 1 million tons
1978- The Amazon Pact was established between Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela
1980- Fernando Belaunde Terry was elected president of Peru; a democracy was restored
1981- The UN Security Council chose Javier Perez de Cuellar of Peru to be the fifth secretary-general of the world body
1982- Debt crisis and deaths escalate following a military crackdown on guerrillas and drug traffickers
1985- APRA candidate, Alan Garcia Perez wins the presidency
1987- A movement led by Mario Vargas Llosa, Peru's best-known novelist, blocks plans to nationalize banks
1988- Hyperinflation and bankruptcy rock Peru; the country seeks assistance from the International Monetary Fund
1988- In northern Peru, a tomb was looted and its contents put on the black market
1990- Human rights groups estimate as many as 10,000 political murders in Peru
1990- Peru’s inflation rate hit 7,500%
1990- Alberto Fujimori becomes president of Peru.
1990- The killing and selling of dolphins became illegal in Peru
1992- Peruvian constitution suspended from terrorism, drugs, and corruption in Peru
1994- Six thousand guerrillas surrender to authorities
1995- Fighting erupts again along the border with Ecuador
1997- El Niño causes severe drought in Peru
1999- Ecuador and Peru sign a treaty ending 6 decades of dispute over a section of the Amazon
2000- A 5,000 barrel oil spill by an Argentine company threatened the water resources of some 10,000 inhabitants in the northern jungle
2002- An Incan cemetery in Lima was found and it was reported to have over 2,000 mummies
2004- Peru inaugurated the construction of a $7 million bridge between many South American countries. The bridge would be about 2,500 miles long
2005- The presidents of Bolivia, Brazil and Peru inaugurated a $810 million highway project to connect Brazil's Atlantic coast to Peru's Pacific ports before the end of the decade
2007- A meteorite crashed in southern Peru and villagers were soon struck by a mysterious illness
2007- A 7.9 earthquake hits the Pisco Province
2008- China and Peru signed a free trade agreement
2008- Drug agents in Peru seized 3 tons of cocaine mixed into a shipment of guano bound for Spain
2009- The Peru – United States Trade Promotion Agreement was implemented
2009- Bolivia demanded that Peru hand over three former government ministers charged with genocide in 2003 for killing dozens of protesters
2010- The 2010 Nobel Prize in literature was awarded to Peruvian writer Mario Vargas Llosa
2011- Peruvian President, Ollanta Humala, replaced more than half his Cabinet
2011 - Peru was said to have one of the world's fastest-growing economies
2012- A magnitude-6.3 earthquake struck the country's central coast
2012- Peruvian President, Ollanta Humala, visits Japan and secures $250 million worth of loans for infrastructure projects
2013- A 4.3 magnitude earthquake hits Northern Peru